What happened on the Day of Pentecost, and what is the importance of baptism in the Holy Spirit?
Download Holy Spirit: His Baptism
What is the baptism of the Spirit? How do we seek it? Is it even necessary, and should it be expected? These are questions that many Christians have regarding the Holy Spirit. We are going to take a look at Acts 1 and 2 to gain a deeper understanding of the role of the Holy Spirit in our lives.
Day of Pentecost
In Acts 1, after His resurrection, Jesus meets with the disciples one last time to pass on some vital information. In Acts 1:4 Jesus says, “Do not leave Jerusalem, but wait for the gift my Father promised, which you have heard me speak about. For John baptized with water, but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.” Jesus knows that if the disciples are going to be able to fulfill their mission, they must receive something that is absolutely necessary.
This is pretty amazing! The disciples had touched Jesus, eaten with Jesus, and been taught by Jesus, God in the flesh, for the last three years. They had the best Core Group ever! But Jesus told them that they still lacked something. Their teaching would not be enough, their intellect wouldn’t be enough, their abilities wouldn’t be enough—they needed the Holy Spirit. Jesus knows that when we take the Holy Spirit out of the equation, we are limited to our natural abilities and natural intellect. As pastor Mark Batterson says, “Our testimony is limited to our words and our impact is limited to our abilities.”
So, Jesus tells the disciples that there is one absolute necessity for them, and for us, if the gospel is going to “go viral.” That necessity is the baptism of the Holy Spirit!
Acts is often called “The Acts of the Apostles.” This could more correctly be called “The Acts of the Holy Spirit through the Apostles,” because it’s through the supernatural empowerment of the Holy Spirit that the apostles accomplish their mission.
Let’s take a look at what happened on the day of Pentecost. Jesus’ followers are together on the morning of Pentecost, the spring harvest festival, and all of the sudden a violent and powerful wind blows through the room, and tongues of fire come to rest upon each of them. The Scripture says that all of them were filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak in other tongues as the Holy Spirit enabled them.
As the disciples were speaking in other tongues (apparently really loudly), a crowd formed to find out what the loud sound was. When these people from the nations gathered around, they were utterly amazed, because they heard Galileans speaking in their own languages, proclaiming the praises of God.
We see tongues throughout the book of Acts, but this is the only instance in which tongues is described as an intelligible language. This is the exception with tongues. Usually when speaking in tongues is mentioned in Scripture, the language is not a recognizable earthly language. This reflects Paul’s thoughts in 1 Corinthians 13:1, “If I speak in the tongues of men or of angels…”, that tongues is perhaps an angelic language.
So, how did the crowd respond to this scene on the day of Pentecost? In Acts 2, we read that some people in the crowd were “utterly amazed and perplexed” at what was happening. They didn’t understand what God was doing—they didn’t even know how to wrap their minds around it. At the same time, they had an attitude of amazement toward what God was doing. This is most people’s response the first time they encounter a powerful work of the Holy Spirit, such as speaking in tongues.
There were others in the midst of this powerful, explosive event who simply made fun of the disciples and mocked them for speaking in tongues as they were empowered by the Holy Spirit. These people said, “They have had too much wine.”
In the midst of the amazed, perplexed, and mocking crowd, Peter stands up and begins to explain what is happening. The wavering wimp, Peter, who had denied Jesus three times, now stands up and courageously preaches, full of the Holy Spirit. Peter tells the crowd that what they see and hear is what the prophet Joel prophesied hundreds of years ago, when he said, “In the last days, God says, I will pour out my Spirit on all people.”
Throughout the Old Testament, only a select few were empowered by the Holy Spirit for works of service. Specifically, we see that the Holy Spirit empowers three kinds of people—prophets, priests and kings/leaders. The Spirit comes upon them to empower them to fulfill God’s mission. At any given point there were only a few people alive who were empowered by the Spirit for works of service.
Peter’s declaration is that the day has arrived when God will pour out His Spirit, not just on a select few, but on all people! The male and the female, the young and the old, the servants and the free! Peter says that everyone can now experience the empowerment of the Spirit and experience gifts such as prophecy, dreams, and visions. For Peter, Joel’s prophecy is a trajectory verse for the last days—that includes us!
So, the first evidences we see when the Holy Spirit is poured out in power are charismatic gifts (the gifts of the Holy Spirit)—but empowerment with the gifts is not an end in itself. Sometimes I feel this is where Pentecostals fall short. The baptism of the Holy Spirit is not just about inner transformation—the work of empowerment God does in us is for a specific purpose. That purpose is to be equipped to accomplish His will. Let’s look at what else happened on Pentecost.
In verses 22–36, Peter stands up and preaches a powerful Christ-centered message. Those who heard the message were “cut to the heart”! Peter’s preaching was so powerfully anointed by the Holy Spirit that the convicting work of the Holy Spirit came as he spoke the word of God. This is something our words alone can’t do. Through the Holy Spirit, our testimony is not limited to our words. The Holy Spirit can take our words and use them to bring such conviction that they “cut to the heart.”
When the crowd heard Peter’s anointed message, their response was, “What shall we do?” Peter tells them to repent of their sin and turn to Jesus, and receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. That day 3,000 people put their faith in Jesus and became part of the church family! On the day of Pentecost, we see the Holy Spirit’s power though His gifts, which led to powerful proclamation of the gospel, which led to repentance and transformed lives. What happened after the day of Pentecost? How did the Holy Spirit’s empowerment continue to impact the early church?
We see in Acts 2:42–47 that the new believers were devoted followers of Jesus Christ! Their lives had changed. When you think about it, it is amazing that the 120 apostles impacted the 3,000, and not the other way around. This can only be explained by the power of the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit’s power produced transformed lives that lived deeply with one another, that were generous, and were outreach oriented. The chapter ends with a statement of how the gospel was going viral: “And the Lord added to their number daily those who were being saved.”
Importance of Holy Spirit Baptism
In Acts 1 and 2, we see Jesus promise the disciples the “gift of the Father”—that they will be “baptized with the Holy Spirit.” When this promise is fulfilled on the day of Pentecost, Peter and the rest of the disciples are transformed and equipped to carry out the Great Commission. From that event, the church explodes and the trajectory of the Gospel is set. Throughout the book of Acts, we see other instances in which believers are baptized in the Holy Spirit and gifts of the Spirit are evident. This experience of the baptism of the Holy Spirit for empowerment to be a witness is available for us today. The result of baptism in the Holy Spirit, as is demonstrated in Acts, will be greater accessibility to the gifts of the Spirit, increased fruit of the Spirit, and a greater ability to witness.
There is controversy regarding when and how the baptism in the Holy Spirit takes place, and if Acts 2 is a model. The question debated is as follows: “Is the work of the Holy Spirit described in Acts 2 the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit that happens at conversion, or does Acts 2 describes a post conversion baptism in the Holy Spirit, separate from regeneration?” There are people who love Jesus and study their Bible on both sides of this issue.
First, the Bible clearly teaches that all Christians are “born again” and receive the regenerational work of the Spirit at the moment of salvation. However, we see in the book of Acts is a separate and often subsequent work of the Holy Spirit. This work is available to every believer for an increased effectiveness in witness. We need this empowerment because of our weakness. Baptism in the Holy Spirit is not a spiritual merit badge, signifying some great spiritual accomplishment—it is a step toward surrendering our weakness to God’s care, so that His Spirit may work more fully in us. Therefore, a believer who is baptized in the Spirit is no better than a believer who has not experienced the baptism yet. We can be grateful for the baptism in the Spirit, because that experience has helped us in our weaknesses. It has not, however, made us categorically superior to other Christians. We are all weak, broken individuals in need of our Savior and the power of the Holy Spirit to live for God’s glory. Admitting that weakness and surrendering our pride is one of the first steps in seeking the baptism of the Holy Spirit.
There are three reasons in Scripture that point to the baptism in the Holy Spirit is separate and subsequent to conversion:
It’s important to note, not all Bible-believing Christians agree on this viewpoint. Remember, God desires unity for His Church, and we can fellowship and love on our family in Christ who believe different things and are earnestly seeking God alongside us.
Next Steps
Most striking about the story of Pentecost is how the Holy Spirit used Peter. This is such a powerful picture of the difference the empowerment of the Spirit makes in our lives. In the gospels, Peter is a wavering wimp who can’t even stand up to a servant girl. In Acts, we see him, full of the Holy Spirit, stand up in the midst of mockers and preach a powerfully anointed message which results in 3,000 people being saved!
No matter where you stand theologically on this topic, studying the first two chapters of Acts can prompt you to open your heart more to the Holy Spirit, and to hunger for more of the Holy Spirit’s work in your life. None of us can say that we have experienced all the Holy Spirit has to offer to us! Let’s keep seeking together.
If the baptism of the Holy Spirit is a new concept to you, and you would like to seek it out, try reading through the book of Acts and observing how the Holy Spirit works. Also, talk to a friend who has experienced the baptism of the Spirit and hear their story. Spend time in prayer and worship asking God to reveal more of His Spirit to you, and ask for the baptism.
The Holy Spirit it not a Pentecostal, Baptist, or Presbyterian doctrine. The Holy Spirit’s power and presence is a Christian doctrine—one not to just be recited in a creed, but to be experienced in our lives. May we seek the Holy Spirit and always keep in step with Him.
Relevant Scriptures
Joel 2:28–32Questions for Discussion
Recommended Reading
Want More by Tim Enloe
The Charismatic Theology of St. Luke by Roger Stronstad
Holy Spirit Seminar Audio (at xaatuva.com/audio-archive)
Chi Alpha Christian Fellowship at the University of Virginia, 2024
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